Electrode.



new and BEEN G. SPEIDTE' 0F NIAGARA FAKJJS, N EW YQBK, ASS IGN'QE, TO INTERNATKQNAL ACHESON Git-533 1318 CGMPANY, 0F NIAGQRA FALLS, NEW YORK, All SQREQREflEGN OF NEW JERSEY.

Specific Elma. of Letters Patent.

ELECTRODE.

Appiicaticxi filed May 1?, 1910. Serial No. 561,848.

To all where it may concem:

Be it known that l, EBEN C. SFEIDEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at lliagare Fells, in the county of Niagara and State of New York,

useful Improvements in Else? trodes, of which the following is e specification. r I

.This invention relates to electrodes designed particularly-"E01: electi'cthermic Work as for example the production of steel 01" other metallic products in. the electric fun.

nace.

For electrothermic purposesit is often ed ventegeoee to an elect-mile of such crosssectien as to afford a Wider distribution of current to the bath than could he had from the same mass disposedin the usual round or rectangular shape. It is further desirable that the electrodes should be so constructed that they may he joined at inenner that new sections may added as the electrode is consumed.

are secured. The sections of the Thepresent invention is s constl-i ction wherein the above mentioned advantages electrodes are adapted to interinesh With each other, and each section is composed of". conductive plates disposed in elngular relation to each of this construction. being large electrode ares..- The sections may he integral-messes of conductive material such as carbonor-grephlte of suitable cross-section, hut they are usually eoniposed oi sepsrate ple-tes secured togethei: for example by' csrbon or graphitepins or' by other suitable means. The unit cost of manufacture of electrodes increases with the size above a certzi'in limit, and in the larger sizes it is ditlicult to secure uniformity and homageneity these qualities being often sacrificed to size It is-prei' ei'reed therefore to construct the sections, particularly when these are of comparatively large size, of several plates or pens which are usually of better quality than an integral electrode having the same dimensions as the cempesite electrode. 1

The sectional construction 'ineccei'dancewith the present invention pI'QSEQ ZS an im- 1" "tl"' c th 1;" t p0 Win a van age .11 an. ahlL/ll s s 1011'! of geod electrical condmhivvv y and high mechanical strength without the necessity of machining the ends of the section The have invented certsin,

simply abutting the pieces with the ends in such tubular or prismatic. In the constructions of sections may be constiructecl of plates er bass of graphite or carhonoi standsi-d forms and dimensions, the conformation -equired for the jeint being obtained by assembling these standard plates in Ceftillll definite relaticms to each other.

It is importifht that the joints between the sections should-be of properconductivity to avoid undue heating, and in. this respectelecti'odes constructed in accefdance with the present invention possess decided edvanteges, for with given cross-section of carbon or graphite the area of contact at the joints may he made relatively The end-to-end joints may he made lay er Without graphite the rethreaded te a filling ofpo'wdered graphite or cement; or the shutting sci-feces 0 spective sections my he tapered, or secured by pins as why he further increase the conductivi joint. The electrodes may he graphitized or nehgi'ephitie e. other mate ielsif desired.

The elect-rodesmey he hellew 01 solid cross-section; and ii hollow he either case of hollow electrodes it is preferred to insert within them, at suitable intervals, plugs or fillingmasses which serve several important px rposes. These-plugs may in some cases be composed of concrete or other material net objectienehle tothe eperetion "in view,scrving to prevent the escape of gases thro'l'igh the electrode and the consequent, overhea ing of the electrode. Prenferahh however they are of carbon of graphite and are disposed in proximity to the joints, serving the further purposes of increasing the mechanical strength and the electrical conductivity at these points. The electrode may in some cases he filled with concrete or other material not prejudicial to the operation.

- For 5i full understanding of my im'cn' tion reference is made to the accompanying drawings wherein several illustrative forms of electrodes embodying the invention shown it being understood that ere tion is not restricted to the prwtieulsir canstructions chosen for illustration;

In said drewings-Figures l, 3, e? per spective views of certain eleetrcde c'oiisriiiictionsqvhei'eotf tivo sections of each sire illustreted; Figs. 2. 6 plan. if ye of the of each section are of equal iengtz similar shape, and the opposite plates o 7 1e '1 is :1 hollow electrode, sq section. and composed of plates e or hon-grsphitic ccrhoii, so c s the the edge of each piste chm 7 ad acent plate 121 regular cg session. ilhe plates are secured together by carbon or graphite pins 01- screws E2, or loy sc.1= ehle means. In this construction l c iided beyond the intermediate plet such manner to form an intermes joint wit sii'nilmly constructed section as clear owoi'n Fig. 1. 3 reel sent-s e :3 H L. L 7 the interior of; the prism actions as Well as to prevent the u movei'neiit of gas through the elec lit the plug is composed, of carbon or graphite, as is preferably the case, it lilie- Wisc gi-ectly increases the conductivity at the joint. As illustrated the plug is secured to one of the sections by a pin and extends upwardly in position section.

Figs. 2, 3 illustrate an essentially similar construction with the exception that all of the plates 1 terminate in different planes, whereby the abutting joints are staggered and the electrical conductivity oftlie joints somewhat improved. I

Figs. 5, 6 illustrate a construction wherein the plates 1 are disposed substantially 1-sdic opposite plates extent beyond the ilcemiediate plates to form! an, interic' eshing joint as in Fig. l. The opposite pistes may terminate in the some or in different planes desired.

Fig.3? snows hollow cylindric ti-ode composed of sections 5, 6., 7 o, which may he connected together in any suitable 11121113161, For example, the sections may merely shut es indicated at 9., in which celsco close fitting carbon or gi'sphite plug 10 is applied to the interior of the cylinder in such manner as to engage both sections.

this plug heing'prefez-ahly secured to. at least one section by graphite pin 11'. The conductivity of :1- joint of this character hing I to enter the adjacentmay be further increased between graphite joint may he sample A l with or Without 2: p or csrhon or other material. A 13 in c taper joint is illustrates is. co; cection with l0.

, in. the use of these constructions it xvi he understood that the/current is con-ve to one or more of the sections by priete clamps oruequivclent termi i indicated by m of eizcmpie at i l in'l ig'. a and that es the electrode is consumed new sections are added, the icsition of the terminal being shifted as required:

1. An electrode composed iiitermeshing sections, each consisting of a. plurality of conductive members .issen .ed in lateral contact. said members disposed in angular relation to each other, whereby an added surface of contact with the charge is providedi "2. An electrode section c nsisi' ipg of o plumlity of conductive members assembled in lateral Contact and terminating in different planes, said members disposed in anguloi' relation to each other, whereby an added surface of contact with the chci ge is provided. i I

3. A hollow electfiode composed of sections the ends of which are adopted to interfi. A hollow electrode composed of similar sections the ends of which are sdeptedio intermesh. v

A. hollow electrmie piovidec with means arranged intei'inediete its ends for preventing the imsszigc of 6. A hollow electrode composed oi intermeshing sections and having an interior filling at the of ioinder of said sections. 1

'4'. Ahollow electrode composed of intermeshing sections and having an interim? con ductive filling the region of joinder of said sections In testimony whereof, I c'lfix my signature in presence 01 two Witnesses EDEN SA' QJIDEN.

"Witnesses 2 W M1 Acisssoit SMITH, FRANK N (JOE. Y 

